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Articles from Springer a leading global scientific publisher of scientific books and journals. - biotechnology @ Fri, 30 Jul 2021 at 07:31 AM
The models of production management and business organization have been constantly improving. Industrial conglomerates have emerged in the last decades, resulting in large centers of biotechnological and pharmaceutical knowledge. Initiatives related to the sharing of demands between companies, and more recently, sharing of research and development infrastructure, have transformed business models creating new opportunities for the biotechnology segment around the world. Following this trend, this article seeks to map large companies in the biotechnology sector, analyzing data from regulatory agencies, scientific articles, reports from regional development and innovation centers and other market information disclosed, Aiming to pointing out agglomerations in large hubs and initiating a discussion of the possibilities for the development of new technologies and the strengthening of the Brazilian biotechnology market. This article analyzed the main clusters in Europe and United States of America, listing some of its largest companies, market sectors, research and innovation projects. As a result, we concluded that these large conglomerates have been benefited from their location and commercial relationship. We believe that this research can serve as a basis for new studies related to models that can foster the development of new biotechnologies between companies and their innovation ecosystem. As a suggestion for new discussions, the continuity of studies related to the concepts of sharing economy is required, especially in the Brazilian context, seeking innovative solutions to factors that hinder the strengthening of the world biotechnological market, mainly those related to the costs of research, development and innovation (RD&I) of new technologies.
 
This paper aims to understand the development of innovation clusters and hotspots of cutting-edge research in Biotechnology across the world, clusters understood as segments of an innovation system, gathering research institutes, universities, startups, enterprises and funding actors; and hotspots defined as clusters focused on frontier R&D, with economic high potential. The choice of Biotech as study object embeds the special characteristics of this branch of science: long term research with high uncertainty of results, huge funding and few marketable products. The analysis is based on 18 selected tendencies pointed by European Commission as Radical Innovation Breakthroughs and the frequency of these tendencies in several patent databases, focused on which countries are the main applicants since 2005. As a sub product we observed the change, in the studied range of time, of the main axis of Biotech innovation beyond USA, Europe and Japan. The analytical approach is based on literature review and quantitative screening of patent bases.
 
The precise sensing of 5-formylcytosine (5fC) is of great significance because 5fC not only determines the nucleosome organization that regulates gene expression but also acts as a potential epigenetic marker for cancers. Nevertheless, owing to the low abundance of 5fC in genomic DNA as well as the strong interference signals introduced by its analogous including cytosine (C), 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), the high-sensitive quantification of site-specific 5fC remains challenging. To solve this issue, we have developed a new strategy that integrates peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-clamped ligation with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which is feasible and reliable for the determination of site-specific 5fC in genomic DNA. In this chapter, the detailed protocols for discriminating 5fC from its analogous, through 5fC-specific signal amplification are described. These protocols may also be applicable to the high-sensitive detection of other nucleic acid biomarkers.
 
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce DNA damages in cells. 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG) is viewed as one of the most frequent oxidative modifications in human genomes. It was reported that OG was also capable to facilitate the G-quadruplex formation and participate in the transcription process. Thus, OG might have potential functions in regulating gene expression. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of OG on affecting gene expression in vivo, it is necessary to determine the location of OG in DNA beforehand. Herein, we characterized Bsu DNA polymerase (Bsu Pol) and Tth DNA polymerase (Tth Pol), which can faithfully incorporate dATP or error-prone incorporate dCTP when bypassing OG, respectively. Based on the different coding performance, we achieved single-base resolution analysis of OG in DNA, which offers a promising approach for high-throughput analysis of OG at genome-wide scale.
 
Global DNA Methylation Analysis Using Methylcytosine Dioxygenase - DNA Modification Detection Methods @ 2022-01-01
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Global DNA Methylation Analysis Using Methylcytosine Dioxygenase - DNA Modification Detection Methods @ 2022-01-01
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5-Methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) are important epigenetic biomarkers and are demonstrated to be promising in early cancer diagnosis. The investigation on the global levels and distribution of these two cytosine modifications can reveal their biology functions and help develop diagnostic methods based on these biomarkers. However, compared with a variety of sequencing methods which aim at investigating the distribution of cytosine modifications, HPLC-MS/MS is a powerful technique to quantify the global levels of cytosine modifications. The newly developed sheathless CESI-MS/MS was introduced in this chapter. The method is a sensitive and simple technique to evaluate the global levels of 5mC and 5hmC in different kinds of DNA samples. The protocols for the sample preparation, instrumentations, and data analysis were proposed. With CESI-MS/MS, the limits of detection (LODs) of cytosine modifications can reach attomole level. Meanwhile, CESI-MS/MS can quantify the 5mC/5hmC levels in practical DNA sample less than 10 ng. Considering the ultrahigh sensitivity and the low DNA consumption, CESI-MS/MS can either be used in the preliminary study before sequencing in a research setting or as a final detection technique for the clinical diagnosis.
 
5-Formyluracil (5fU) and 5-formylcytosine (5fC) which are widely present in human genomic DNAs play significant roles in epigenetic functions and have attracted widespread attention in many related fields. Therefore, creating highly effective, selective, and easy-operating detection methods for these important natural existing DNA modifications is important not only to understand the fundamentals of physiological regulation, but also serve as the basis for the next generation of therapeutics used to improve human’s health. Within last decades, various methods have been developed to qualitatively and quantitatively detect these modifications. We describe in detail the protocols of fluorescence labeling methods for detection of 5fU and 5fC in DNA. The highly selective fluorescence “switch-on” specificity towards 5fU or 5fC separately enabled a high signal-to-noise ratio in qualitatively and quantitatively detecting 5fU or 5fC and it is not affected by the presence of other DNA modifications which also bear formyl groups. These protocols offer solutions to problems related to fast, convenient, cost-efficient, and easy-operating detection of 5fU or 5fC in complex samples.
 
Title: - DNA Modification Detection Methods @ 2022-01-01
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Title: - DNA Modification Detection Methods @ 2022-01-01
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Polymeric Biocomposites from Renewable and Sustainable Natural Resources - Polymeric and Natural Composites @ 2022-01-01
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Polymeric Biocomposites from Renewable and Sustainable Natural Resources - Polymeric and Natural Composites @ 2022-01-01
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Polymeric Biocomposites from Renewable and Sustainable Natural Resources - Polymeric and Natural Composites @ 2022-01-01
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Polymeric Biocomposites from Renewable and Sustainable Natural Resources - Polymeric and Natural Composites @ 2022-01-01
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Polymeric Biocomposites from Renewable and Sustainable Natural Resources - Polymeric and Natural Composites @ 2022-01-01
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Polymeric Biocomposites from Renewable and Sustainable Natural Resources - Polymeric and Natural Composites @ 2022-01-01
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Polymeric Biocomposites from Renewable and Sustainable Natural Resources - Polymeric and Natural Composites @ 2022-01-01
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Polymeric Biocomposites from Renewable and Sustainable Natural Resources - Polymeric and Natural Composites @ 2022-01-01
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Polymeric Biocomposites from Renewable and Sustainable Natural Resources - Polymeric and Natural Composites @ 2022-01-01
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Polymeric Biocomposites from Renewable and Sustainable Natural Resources - Polymeric and Natural Composites @ 2022-01-01
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Polymeric Biocomposites from Renewable and Sustainable Natural Resources - Polymeric and Natural Composites @ 2022-01-01
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Chemical modifications of DNA bases have a major effect on the execution of the DNA code. The global amount of DNA modifications provides valuable information regarding various biological processes as well as for disease development. Therefore, development of simple and reliable methods to quantify these markers is of great importance. Here we describe in detail protocols for global quantification of DNA modifications. Specifically, we describe quantification of two types of epigenetic modifications, unmethylated CpGs and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), and two types of DNA damage lesions, oxidation and UV-induced damage. All methods are based on utilizing enzymatic recognition for covalent binding of a fluorescent dye to the DNA modification. Up to 90 labeled DNA samples are then loaded on a custom multi-well slide, which is imaged by a conventional slide scanner. The global amount of the measured modification can be calculated by the obtained fluorescence intensity.
 
Found 22 Articles for biotechnology